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    Unit 2 Book 1 Language Points

    發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-6-26 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

    重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)用法

    1.Once [w)ns]

    1)adv.

    (1)one time一次

    ①He has only been to Shanghai once. 他只到過(guò)一次上海。

    ②I remember that I went there once or twice before.

    我記得我以前到那兒去過(guò)一、二次。

    (2)at sometime in the past從前;曾經(jīng)

    ①This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.

    這是魯迅曾經(jīng)居住過(guò)的房子。

    ②He was once a college student, now he is a doctor.

    他曾經(jīng)是位大學(xué)生,現(xiàn)在是醫(yī)生。

    2)conj. as soon as一旦……就……

    ①Once you show any fear, he will attack you.

    只要你顯出害怕的樣子,他就會(huì)向你進(jìn)攻。

    ②Once you put your heart into your study, you will make great progress.

    你一旦用心學(xué)習(xí),你就會(huì)取得巨大進(jìn)步。

    2.follow['f&l+u] vt. 跟隨;聽(tīng)得清;接受(作為指導(dǎo)或榜樣)

    ①Follow me, please. 請(qǐng)跟我學(xué)。

    ②English will be followed by mathematics. 英語(yǔ)課后,將上數(shù)學(xué)課。

    ③The teacher spoke so fast that I couldn't follow her.

    老師講得那么快,以至于我沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂。

    ④ I didn't quite follow you, could you say it again?

    我沒(méi)有十分聽(tīng)懂,你能再講一遍嗎?

    ⑤This is a good piece of advice for us to follow.

    這是一條我們應(yīng)該接受的好建議。

    【注意】 following為形容詞,意為“接著的”。例如:

    ①I(mǎi)n the following days he often came to see us.

    在隨后的日子里,他經(jīng)常來(lái)看我們。

    ②He didn't get up until the following week.

    他一直到第二個(gè)星期才起床。

    3.從屬連詞unless的用法

    unless用作從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,相當(dāng)于if…not,常譯為“如果……不……”“非……不可”“除非”

    unless是具有否定意義的連接詞,因此當(dāng)使用unless引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)其謂語(yǔ)形式一般是用肯定形式。使用unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),要注意以下幾點(diǎn):

    1)unless相當(dāng)于 if…not,兩者?山惶媸褂。例如:

    ①Unless the rain stops,I shall not go out for a walk.(=If the rain doesn't stop, I shall not go out for a walk.)

    倘若雨不停,我就不出去散步了。

    2)如 if…not引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件句時(shí),一般不可改為 unless。例如:

    ①I(mǎi)f he weren't so silly, he would understand.

    如果他不傻的話,他會(huì)明白(事實(shí)上他很傻)。

    3)如果unless引導(dǎo)的從句本身是否定形式,unless就不能由if…not所替代。例如:

    ①You'll do well in the English examination unless you don't do your homework. 這次英語(yǔ)考試你會(huì)考得好的,除非你平時(shí)不做作業(yè)。

    4.a(chǎn)llow/permit/promise的用法及區(qū)別

    1)allow為一般用語(yǔ),側(cè)重于“默許”,正式的許可需用permit,側(cè)重正面的“允許”,語(yǔ)氣比allow強(qiáng)。例如:

    Smoking is not allowed here. 此處不許抽煙。

    Smoking is not permitted here. 此處禁止抽煙。

    【注意】

    (1)permit和allow兩者可以互換,前者較為正式。如:

    ①Permit(Allow)me to congratulate you on your success.

    請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我祝賀你的成功。

    (2)permit后若是動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ),這一動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式(動(dòng)名詞),而不用不定式。如:

    ①The guard didn't permit entering the camp. 衛(wèi)兵不允許進(jìn)入營(yíng)地。

    2)promise可用作動(dòng)詞。意為“允諾”,“答應(yīng)”,和permit, allow意思不一樣。

    試比較:

    ①His mother allowed him to join the army.

    他母親允許他參軍。(主語(yǔ)允許賓語(yǔ)“他”去參軍)

    ②His mother promised him to join the army.

    他母親向他允諾去參軍。(主語(yǔ)向賓語(yǔ)允諾“她”去參軍)

    【注意】promise也可用作名詞。如:make a promise許諾;keep(carry out)

    a promise遵守(履行)諾言;break a promise不守諾言。

    5.介詞with的兩種用法

    1)with表示“具有”,“帶有”。例如:

    ①China is a country with a long history. 中國(guó)是一個(gè)歷史悠久的國(guó)家。

    ②She is a girl with black eyes. 她是一位長(zhǎng)著黑眼睛的女孩。

    2)with表示“用”。例如:

    ①M(fèi)en work with their hands. 人用手勞動(dòng)。

    ②Our teacher told us to make sentences with these phrases.

    我們老師叫我們用這些詞組造句。

    6.glass[gla:s]n.

    作為不可數(shù)名詞,意思是“玻璃”。作為可數(shù)名詞,意思是“玻璃杯”,“鏡子”。作“眼鏡”講時(shí),用復(fù)數(shù)。如:

    ①These bottles are made of glass. 這些瓶子是用玻璃做的。

    ②There are four glasses on the table. 桌子上有四個(gè)玻璃杯。

    ③Sometimes our teacher of English wears(a pair of)glasses.

    有時(shí)我們英語(yǔ)老師戴(一副)眼鏡。

    7.a(chǎn)s和like的用法

    as與like都作連詞,后接方式狀語(yǔ)從句,意思也一樣,都作“如像”,“同……一樣”解。例如:

    ①Nobody loves you like I do, baby. 孩子,誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有像我這樣疼你。

    一般說(shuō),如果要說(shuō)明人與人,物與物,動(dòng)作與動(dòng)作,狀態(tài)與狀態(tài)之間有相似之處,可用以用as,也可以用like。但as是連詞,后跟從句;而like是介詞,后跟名詞或代詞。例如:

    ②Jane is a fine dancer, as her sister is.

    簡(jiǎn)是一名出色的舞蹈家,和她姐姐一樣。

    ③Jane isn't much like her sister. 簡(jiǎn)不太像她姐姐。

    【注意】as也可作介詞,后跟名詞,構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ),其作用同like的介詞短語(yǔ)一樣,意思也相近,但又有區(qū)別,as有“作為”的意思,like作“如,像”解。例如:

    ①Let me speak to you as a teacher. 我是教師,并以此身份來(lái)跟你談話。

    ②Let me speak to you like your father.

    我并非是你的父親,但以父親的口吻同你談話。

    8.enough[i'n)f]的基本用法

    enough可以用作形容詞(adj.),副詞(adv.)和代詞(pron.)。

    1)enough用作副詞,充當(dāng)形容詞或副詞修飾語(yǔ),但必須后置。例如:

    ①He walks slowly enough. 他走得夠慢得了。

    ②This article is difficult enough to write. 這篇文章夠難寫(xiě)得了。

    2)enough用作代詞,既可代表可數(shù)名詞,也可代表不可數(shù)名詞。例如:

    ②At the end of six months he had learned enough to read articles and reports in Russian. 六個(gè)月底,他已經(jīng)學(xué)得足以用俄語(yǔ)讀文章和報(bào)告了。

    3)enough用作形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),可修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,可放在被修飾的名詞前或后。例如:

    ①There are enough seats(seats enough)for them all.

    有足夠的座位讓他們都坐下。

    ②I have enough time(time enough)to finish the work.

    我有足夠的時(shí)間來(lái)完成這項(xiàng)工作。

    9.show [M+u]

    作“解釋?zhuān)痉丁苯?to explain or make clear to sb. by words or especially actions),后跟“how +不定式短語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu),作直接賓語(yǔ)。例如:

    ①The teacher showed the students how to make the mixture.

    教師教學(xué)生如何配制這種混合物。

    ②The farmer showed us how to sow the seeds.

    那位農(nóng)民教我們?nèi)绾尾シN。

    【注意】show還可以表示“出示”(to offer for seeing),“顯露”(to appear),“帶領(lǐng)”(to go with and guide)。

    ①He showed his ticket. 他出示他的車(chē)票。

    ②His happiness is showed in his smile.

    他的喜悅心情顯露在他的微笑里。

    ③Mr Zhu is showing the students the chemistry lab.

    朱先生帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生參觀化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。

    10.lend和borrow的區(qū)別

    lend是“借出”,表示把東西借給某人,而borrow是借入,表示“從某人那里借東西”。lend后跟兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),或者用介詞短語(yǔ) to sb.; borrow后跟

    一個(gè)賓語(yǔ),或者用介詞 from sb.。例如:

    ①I(mǎi) lent Jack my new car. / I lent my new car to Jack. 我把新汽車(chē)借給杰克了。

    ②I borrowed a new car(from Jack).

    我從杰克那里借了一部新汽車(chē)。

    重要詞組短語(yǔ)

    1.first of all為常用短語(yǔ),意為“首先”。例如:

    ①First of all, I know clearly what I study English for.

    首先,我清楚地知道我學(xué)英語(yǔ)的目的。

    ②First of all, we must pay more attention to our handwriting. 首先,我們必須更加注意我們的書(shū)法。

    2.“not…without…”是一種雙重否定,雙重否定的含義表示肯定概念。意為“只有……才”,“沒(méi)有……就不……”。例如:

    ①Don't begin without asking for advice.

    征求意見(jiàn)以后再著手。(未征詢(xún)意見(jiàn)前不要開(kāi)始。)

    ②He can't speak English without making mistakes.

    他一說(shuō)英語(yǔ)就出錯(cuò)。

    ③Fish can't live without water. 魚(yú)兒離不開(kāi)水。

    ④We couldn't get much progress in our studies without your help. 沒(méi)有你的幫助,我們就不會(huì)取得學(xué)習(xí)上這么大的進(jìn)步。

    3.fill…with… 意為“用……裝滿(mǎn)(注滿(mǎn),填滿(mǎn))……”。例如:

    ①Please fill the bank with petrol. 請(qǐng)給油箱加滿(mǎn)油。

    ②They have filled a hole with sand and mud. 他們用泥沙把一個(gè)洞填滿(mǎn)了。

    full為形容詞,be full of… 裝滿(mǎn)……。例如:

    ③The glass is full of water. 玻璃杯裝滿(mǎn)了水。

    4.instead of意為“代替;而不是”,相當(dāng)于in place of,其后可接動(dòng)詞-ing形式,代詞,介詞短語(yǔ)等。例如:

    ①The old woman went to the park on Sunday instead of staying at home.

    這老太太星期天去公園,而不是呆在家里。

    ②He went there on foot instead of by bus.

    他步行去那里,而不是乘公共汽車(chē)去。

    ③You should be out instead of in on this fine day.

    在這樣好天氣里,你應(yīng)該出去,而不應(yīng)呆在屋子里。

    ④That has increased instead of decreased our courage.

    那使我們的勇氣大增而不是減退。

    【注意】instead 與 instead of不同。instead為副詞,一般放在句末,否定上文提到的事物,而instead of則為介詞,一般放在句首或句中,否定of后面的賓語(yǔ)。例如:

    ①Last summer I went to Qingdao. This summer I'm going to Weihai instead.

    去年夏天我去了青島,今年夏天我去威海。

    (其意思等于:Instead of going to Qingdao, I'm going to Weihai this summer.)

    ②If Mary is not well enough to go with you, take me instead. 如果瑪麗身體還

    不好,不能跟你去,就帶我去吧!

    ③You can take me with you instead of Mary.

    你可以不帶瑪麗而帶我去。

    5.make sure 意為“感到確信無(wú)疑,確信”(=feel sure, do what is necessary in order to feel sure),其后常跟一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,that可以省略。例如:

    ①I(mǎi)t is said that there will be a lecture on computer tonight, but we'd better make sure.據(jù)說(shuō)今天晚上有個(gè)關(guān)于電腦的講座,可我們最好弄清楚。

    ②Make sure that the lights are turned off before you leave home.

    離家前要確保已經(jīng)關(guān)燈。

    常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)

     

    1.“make +名詞/代詞+形容詞”是很有用的句型,make的意思是“使”。

    例如:

    ①We'll do everything that we can to make him happy. 我們將盡力使他高興。

    ②I know nothing about it. I want to make it clear to you. 我要向你講明,我(一點(diǎn)兒也)不知道這件事。

    ③We must have plenty of exercises every day and make ourselves strong and healthy. 我們每天必須進(jìn)行足夠的鍛煉,使身體強(qiáng)健。

    2.What about when we leave? What about…? ……怎么樣?……怎么回事”?例如:

    ①What about going out for a drink?

    出去喝一杯怎么樣?

    ②What about the time when we meet again?

    下次見(jiàn)面定在什么時(shí)間?

    這句也可以用How about…? 通?梢岳斫鉃椋篧hat do you think about…? 的簡(jiǎn)略形式;一般用來(lái)征求對(duì)方的看法或詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。

    3.Don't touch anything unless your teacher tells you to. not…unless…不……就不;只是……才能。例:

    ①I(mǎi) won't believe it unless I have seen it with my own eyes. 我要親眼看到才相信。

    ②Do not enter the lab unless you are allowed to. 只有經(jīng)過(guò)允許才能進(jìn)入實(shí)驗(yàn)室。

    ③I can't do it myself unless you help me. 除非你幫助我,不然我無(wú)法自己做。

    【注意】unless在意思上比較接近if…not, 但語(yǔ)氣比 if… not重,一般只用在將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)中。且從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。在使用中要注意和until, before, after的區(qū)別。例如:You can not really understand it unless you read it carefully.=Y(jié)ou can not really understand it if you do not read it carefully.

    再如:He did not leave the house until his father returned. 這一句中的until不能換為unless, 因?yàn)閡nless只能用在將來(lái)時(shí)中,意為“除非……”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

     

    Language Points for Unit 1

    Language Points for Unit 2

    Language Points for Unit 3

    Language Points for Unit 4

    Language Points for Unit 5

    Language Points for Unit 6

    Language Points for Unit 7

    Language Points for Unit 8

    Language Points for Unit 9

    Language Points for Unit 10

    Language Points for Unit 11

    Language Points for Unit 12

    Language Points for Unit 13

    Language Points for Unit 14