重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)用法

1．動(dòng)詞time

1)動(dòng)詞time有“選擇(某事)的時(shí)機(jī)；安排……的時(shí)間”的意思，尤用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

①You've timed your holiday cleverly----the weather's at its best. 你真會(huì)選度假時(shí)間--正是天氣最好的時(shí)候。

② His remark was well/badly timed.

他說(shuō)的話正合(不合)時(shí)宜。

③ Kick-off is timed for 2. 30.

足球開(kāi)賽時(shí)間定于二點(diǎn)半。

④The train is timed to connect with the ferry.

火車時(shí)刻編排得可與渡船運(yùn)行時(shí)刻銜接。

⑤The bomb was timed to explode during the rush-hour.

炸彈已經(jīng)校準(zhǔn)在人最多的時(shí)候爆炸。

2)動(dòng)詞time還可表示“(為跑步者、賽跑、某過(guò)程)計(jì)時(shí)”。

①The egg is hard; you didn't time it properly.

雞蛋煮老了，你沒(méi)掌握好火候。

②Time me while I do two lengths of the pool.

給我記一下游一個(gè)來(lái)回的時(shí)間。

2．動(dòng)詞slow的用法

slow [sl+u] (=to become/make slower) 為動(dòng)詞，意為“減慢”、“使……緩慢”。例如：

①We'd better slow down before reaching the crossroads.

在到達(dá)十字路口以前，我們最好減速。

②The bus slowed its speed as it came near to the bus stop.

汽車進(jìn)站時(shí)就放慢了速度。

③The icy road slowed our progress.

結(jié)冰的道路使我們前進(jìn)的速度減慢了。

【注意】在英語(yǔ)中，有的形容詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化成動(dòng)詞。例如：

①Please warm this soup. (warm----to become/make warmer)

請(qǐng)把這湯熱一熱。

②The weather is warming when spring comes.

當(dāng)春天到來(lái)時(shí)，天氣變得暖和起來(lái)。

③The snow and cold wind has cooled the air.

這場(chǎng)雪和寒風(fēng)使空氣變涼了。

④Let your tea cool a little because it is too hot now.

因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在茶太熱了，讓它先涼一會(huì)兒吧。

3．sand

1)sand作“沙子，沙粒”意時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞。

They mix sand and cement to make concrete.

他們把沙子和水泥混合制成混凝土。

2)作“沙灘、沙洲、沙地、沙漠”解，多用sands。

①Children like to play on the sands.

孩子們喜歡在沙灘上玩。

②Is it something enjoyable to travel across the burning sands of the desert?

在沙漠中滾燙的沙地里行走是件令人愉快的事嗎？

3)The sands are running out. 意為“期限將到，剩下的時(shí)間不多了。

His sands of life is running out. 他命數(shù)將盡。

4．feed

1)feed意為“喂養(yǎng)，飼養(yǎng)”。

①She has a large family to feed. 她要養(yǎng)活一大家子人。

②Have you fed the chickens? 小雞喂過(guò)了嗎？

③What do you feed your dog on? 你用什么喂狗？

④You should feed the baby some more stewed apple.

你該給嬰兒多喂些燉蘋果。

2)feed還表示“給(某物)提供(某物)”。

①The lake is fed by several small streams.

這湖是由幾條小溪的水匯成的。

②You should feed the fire with wood.

該往火里添柴了。

5．deep & deeply

1)deep可用作形容詞，意為“深的，高深的”。

deep lips 厚嘴唇

deep red 深紅色

deep water 困境

deep in the study 潛心研究

deep in thought 沉思

2)deep用作副詞時(shí)，常用于具體的(時(shí)、空等)的深度。

①dig deep 深挖 bury deep 深埋

②deep-rooted 根深蒂固的

deep-freeze 速凍，冷藏

③drive deep into the wall 深深地打入墻內(nèi)

④seek deep into one's mind 深深地印入腦海

⑤go/study deep into the subject 深入研究這一課題

⑥Still water runs deep. (諺)沉默者深謀。

3)deeply 是個(gè)副詞，常用于比喻場(chǎng)合，表示“非常地，深深地”。

①I am deeply interested in this subject.

我對(duì)這一學(xué)科很感興趣。

②I deeply regret your misfortune.

對(duì)你的不幸我深感同情。

③I'm deeply grateful for your advice.

我對(duì)于你給的勸告很感激。

④He is deeply hurt. 他深受傷害。

⑤She is deeply moved. 她深受感動(dòng)。

6．direction

1)direction 是個(gè)可數(shù)名詞，意為“方向”。

①Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another.

Tom 朝一個(gè)方向走，而Harry朝另一個(gè)方向走了。

②The signpost points in a west direction.

路標(biāo)指向西。

③When the police arrived, the crowd scattered in all directions.

警察一到，人群就向四面八方散開(kāi)了。

2)direction 可指“趨向，趨勢(shì)，動(dòng)向”，為可數(shù)名詞。

①That is the present direction of government thinking.

這就是當(dāng)今政府考慮問(wèn)題的取向。

②We're making changes in various directions.

我們正在多方面進(jìn)行改革。

3)directions 可指“指南，說(shuō)明書，用法，操作說(shuō)明”或“(信件，包裹上的)姓名地址”。

①Simple directions for assembling the model are printed on the box.

盒上印有裝配模型的簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明。

②The parcel was returned to the sender because the directions were incorrect.

包裹因姓名地址有誤而退給了寄件人。

7．certain 的意思和用法

1)certain 為形容詞，相當(dāng)于 sure，意為“有把握的”、“肯定的”，多用作表語(yǔ)，其后跟of短語(yǔ)，不定式或從句。如：

①I am certain of his success.

我肯定他能成功。

②Are you certain of what you say?

你對(duì)你說(shuō)的話有把握嗎？

③He is certain to come.

他一定會(huì)來(lái)。

④You are certain to be happy with them.

跟他們?cè)谝黄鹉阋欢〞?huì)很高興。

⑤The duties before us are certain to be heavy.

擺在我們面前的任務(wù)一定是很重的。

⑥I am not certain whether he will come.

我沒(méi)有把握他究竟來(lái)不來(lái)。

⑦It is certain that two and two make four.

二加二等于四是確信無(wú)疑的。

⑧I am certain that our football team will win.

我確信我們的足球隊(duì)會(huì)贏。

【注】be certain of…表示句子主語(yǔ)對(duì)某事有把握；be certain to+動(dòng)詞原形，表示說(shuō)話人的一種看法。如：

①He is certain of living to 100.

他堅(jiān)信自己能活到一百歲。(主語(yǔ)對(duì)活到一百歲有把握)

②He is certain to live to 100.

他一定能活到一百歲。(說(shuō)話人的看法而非主語(yǔ)有把握)

2)certain 還可作“某人、某些、某種”解釋，此時(shí)只作定語(yǔ)。

①A certain Mr Wang came to see me yesterday.

昨天一位姓王的先生來(lái)找我。

②There was a certain coldness in her attitude toward me.

她對(duì)我的態(tài)度有一點(diǎn)冷淡。

③I am prepared to make certain concessions.

我作好準(zhǔn)備作某些讓步。

【注】certain 作定語(yǔ)用時(shí)，如修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用a certain，如修飾不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則不用a。如：

a certain Smith 一位姓史密斯的人

on certain conditions 附帶某些條件

to a certain degree 在某種程度上

for a certain reason 為了某種理由

3)certain 還可作代詞用，意為“某幾個(gè)”、“某些”。如：

certain of his friends 他的某些朋友

certain 的常見(jiàn)詞組有：

for certain 無(wú)疑地、確定地

make certain 弄清楚、弄確實(shí)。如：

①I can not say for certain when he will arrive.

我不敢確定地說(shuō)他將何時(shí)到達(dá)。

②I think there is a train at 8:20, but you ought to make certain.

我想在八點(diǎn)二十分有一班火車，不過(guò)你應(yīng)該問(wèn)清楚。

③Please make certain of the date of meeting.

請(qǐng)把開(kāi)會(huì)日期弄清楚。

重要詞組短語(yǔ)

1．come up 意為“走近，走上來(lái)” ；“出現(xiàn)”。例如：

①While we were cleaning the street, a stranger came up to ask the way.

當(dāng)我們?cè)谇鍜叽蠼值臅r(shí)候，一個(gè)陌生人走上來(lái)問(wèn)路。

②When we were in need of help, a PLA man came up to offer his help.

當(dāng)我們需要幫助的時(shí)候，一位解放軍走上來(lái)主動(dòng)給我們提供幫助。

③The plan will probably come up at the meeting.

這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃會(huì)上可能會(huì)提出來(lái)。

④He came up for interview but did not get the job.

他到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)接受面試，但并未得到工作。

2．make up 意為“組成”；“構(gòu)成”，常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)“be made up of”，意為“由……組成”；“由……構(gòu)成”。例如：

①These five parts make up the book. (或 The book is made up of these five parts.)這五部分構(gòu)成了本書。(本書是由這五部分組成的。)

②Hundreds of parts make up the electric computer. (或 The electric computer is made up of hundreds of parts.)數(shù)百個(gè)零件組成了這臺(tái)電腦。

3．too much和much too的區(qū)別

too much一般是用在不可數(shù)名詞前作前置定語(yǔ)，而much too一般修飾形容詞，放在形容詞之前。例如：

①Eating too much meat will make you put on weight.

吃太多的肉將會(huì)使你發(fā)福。

②This mountain is much too high for the old men to climb.

這座山讓這些老年人來(lái)爬太高了。

4．stay clean 保持清潔

1)stay 在這里是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等作表語(yǔ)，其意思相當(dāng)于 remain 或keep。如：

①You can't expect to slay young.

你不可能指望一直很年輕。

②The shop stays open until eight.

商店一直開(kāi)到8點(diǎn)。

③What a lovely day! I hope it'll stay fine.

多好的天！我希望能晴下去。

④The patient's temperature stayed around 40℃.

這病人的體溫持續(xù)在攝氏四十度左右。

2)stay 作為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有“停留”、“暫住”、“耽擱”、“中止”、“站住”、“堅(jiān)持”等多種意思，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子上下文確定它的意思。

如：

①Stay! You have forgotten your umbrella.

等一等！你把雨傘忘了。

②Won't you stay for supper?

請(qǐng)留下吃晚飯好嗎？

③I stayed to see what would happen.

我留下看進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展。

④The teacher made the boy stay in and do his exercises again.

老師要那男孩留在學(xué)校里重做練習(xí)。

3)stay 也可作為及物動(dòng)詞用。意為“阻止”、“延緩”等。如：

①The doctors tried their best to stay the progress of the disease.

醫(yī)生們做了一切努力來(lái)制止疾病發(fā)展。

②He bought some bread to stay his hunger.

他買了面包來(lái)充饑。

③The judgement was stayed because the defendant was ill.

由于被告生病，審判推遲了。

④He stayed the work and had the machine repaired.

他停下工作請(qǐng)人修機(jī)器。

4)動(dòng)詞stay構(gòu)成的常見(jiàn)詞組有：

stay away 外出

stay in 呆在家里

stay on 繼續(xù)停留

stay up 不睡覺(jué)、熬夜

stay over 過(guò)夜

5．名詞作定語(yǔ)

在英文中可以用名詞直接做定語(yǔ)用，常見(jiàn)的有：

a shoe shop 鞋店

a war story 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)故事

a furniture exhibition 家具展覽

a history book 一本歷史書

a traffic jam 交通阻塞

a table lamp 臺(tái)燈

an iron bridge 鐵橋

chocolate ice-cream 巧克力冰淇淋

a conference room 會(huì)議室

a bus/train station 汽車(火車)站

a steam engine 蒸汽機(jī)

holiday plans 假期計(jì)劃

a telephone bill 電話收費(fèi)單

a blood test 驗(yàn)血

adult education 成人教育

the car door 汽車門

the table leg 桌腿兒

the river bank 河岸

a coffee cup 咖啡杯

mountain top 山頂

chicken soup 雞湯

baby clothes 嬰兒服

常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)

1．談?wù)撎鞖獾氖÷跃湫?/p>

在日常交際用語(yǔ)中談?wù)撎鞖獾臅r(shí)候常使用省略句。例如：

①Fine day, isn't it. (=It's a fine day, isn't it?)

天真好，是嗎？

②Very hot, isn't it? (=It's very hot, isn't it?)

天氣很熱，是嗎？

③Blowing hard, isn't it? (=It's blowing hard, isn't it?)

風(fēng)刮得很大，是不是？

2．句型“I wish(that)…”是表示“愿望”的交際用語(yǔ)。

這個(gè)句型所表示的是一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，可譯為“但愿……就好了”，含有表示遺憾的意思。因此在賓語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示現(xiàn)在不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式；如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be，則不論主語(yǔ)人稱如何，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用were。例如：

①I wish I could speak Japanese. (=I am sorry I cannot speak Japanese.)但愿我(現(xiàn)在)會(huì)講日語(yǔ)就好了。(遺憾的是我不會(huì)講日語(yǔ)。)

②I wish they were able to pass the final-term examination. (=But in fact they are not able to pass the final-term examination.)要是他們能通過(guò)期末考試

就好了。(但事實(shí)上他們不能通過(guò)期末考試。)

③I wish I knew her address and telephone number. (=I'm sorry I don't know her address and telephone number.)要是我知道她的地址和電話號(hào)碼就好了。(很遺憾我不知道她的地址和電話號(hào)碼。)

④I wish you were a teacher and she were a doctor (In fact, you are not a teacher and she is not a doctor.)但愿你是教師，她是醫(yī)生。(事實(shí)上，你不是教師，她也不是醫(yī)生。)

3．句型“It's a pity that…”是用來(lái)表示“遺憾”的交際用語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中“It's a”和“that”都可以省略。例如：

①Pity we are not living in Beijing. (=It's a pity that we are not living in Beijing.)很遺憾我們不住在北京。

②Pity you can't sing an English song. (=It's a pity that you can't sing an English song.)

真遺憾，你不會(huì)唱英語(yǔ)歌曲。

③Pity I can't go to the movie together with you this afternoon.

真遺憾，我今天下午不能和你們一道去看電影。

④Pity I can't manage it myself. 很遺憾我自己干不了。(=It's a pity that I can't manage it myself.)