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    定語(yǔ)從句易犯錯(cuò)誤小議 (中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)論文)

    發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-8-21 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

      定語(yǔ)從句是高中英語(yǔ)的重點(diǎn),也是歷年來(lái)高考的熱點(diǎn),僅“3+綜合”NMET 2001單項(xiàng)填空中直接考定語(yǔ)從句的題就有2道,占該題型的13%。但是,由于定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法比較復(fù)雜,初學(xué)者在使用時(shí)往往容易犯一些錯(cuò)誤,最常見(jiàn)的有如下七種:

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      一、在定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的定語(yǔ)。如:

      

      1.誤:Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come.

      正:Some of the boys I invited didn’t come.

      譯:我邀請(qǐng)的男孩中有幾個(gè)沒(méi)有來(lái)。

      析:應(yīng)刪去them,因?yàn)閺木涞馁e語(yǔ)是省略了的whom, who或that。

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      2.誤:The book that you need it is in the library.

      正:The book that you need is in the library.

      譯:你需要的書(shū)在圖書(shū)館里。

      析:應(yīng)刪去it,因?yàn)閺木涞馁e語(yǔ)是關(guān)系代詞that。

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      二、把定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)弄錯(cuò)。如:

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      1.誤:Anyone who break the law will be punished.

      正:Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.

      譯:任何違犯法律的人將被處罰。

      析:應(yīng)改break為breaks,因?yàn)閣ho指anyone,是單數(shù)。

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      2.誤:Those who has finished may go home.

      正:Those who have finished may go home.

      譯:做完了的人現(xiàn)在可以回家。

      析:應(yīng)改has為have,因?yàn)閣ho指those,是復(fù)數(shù)。

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      3.誤:He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school.

      正:He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.

      譯:他是我們學(xué)校中唯一懂法語(yǔ)的人。

      析:應(yīng)改know為knows,因?yàn)閛ne前有the only之類限定詞,定語(yǔ)從句在意義上修飾的是the only one,是單數(shù),而不是復(fù)數(shù)名詞the teachers。

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      4.誤:This is one of the rooms that is free now.

      正:This is one of the rooms that are free now.

      譯:這是目前空著的房間之一。

      析:應(yīng)改is為are,因?yàn)閛ne前沒(méi)有the only之類的限定詞,定語(yǔ)從句在意義上修飾的是名詞復(fù)數(shù)the rooms,而不是單數(shù)one。

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      三、誤省略了定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞。如:

      

      1.誤:Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.

      正:Children who/?that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.

      譯:吃糖多的孩子往往牙齒不好。

      析:應(yīng)加上關(guān)系代詞who或that,因?yàn)閺木渖僦髡Z(yǔ),且主語(yǔ)不能省略。

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      2.誤:The key opens the bike is missing.

      正:The key that/which opens the bike is missing.

      譯:開(kāi)這輛自行車(chē)的鑰匙不見(jiàn)了。

      析:應(yīng)加上關(guān)系代詞that或which,因?yàn)閺木渖僦髡Z(yǔ),且主語(yǔ)不能省略。

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      四、定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的關(guān)系副詞或介詞。如:

      

      1.誤:The house where he lives in needs repairing.

      正:The house where he lives needs repairing.

      或:The house he lives in needs repairing.

      譯:他住的房子需要修理。

      析:應(yīng)保留where,刪去從句中的in,因?yàn)殛P(guān)系副詞where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),in屬多余。或刪去關(guān)系副詞where,因?yàn)閣here在這里的意思是in which,否則介詞in就重復(fù)了。

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      2.誤:I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing.

      正:I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

      或:I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.

      譯:我仍記得我第一次來(lái)到北京那天的情景。

      析:應(yīng)刪去on,因?yàn)閣hen在這里的意思是on which,否則介詞on就重復(fù)了,或把when改為which。

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      五、在作先行詞的時(shí)間名詞或地點(diǎn)名詞后錯(cuò)用了關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。

      

      1.誤:I still remember the day when we spent together.

      正:I still remember the day that/which we spent together.

      譯:我仍記得我們?cè)谝黄鸲冗^(guò)的日子。

      析:應(yīng)改when為that或which,因?yàn)閺木渲兄^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞spent是及物動(dòng)詞,其后應(yīng)跟賓語(yǔ)而不是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

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      2.誤:This is the house where we lived in last year.

      正:This is the house which/that we lived in last year.

      譯:這是我們?nèi)ツ曜∵^(guò)的那個(gè)房子。

      析:應(yīng)改where為which或that,因?yàn)閺木渲^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞lived后有介詞in,其后少介詞賓語(yǔ),而不是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。

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      六、在先行詞reason后錯(cuò)用關(guān)系副詞why。如:

      

      1.誤:Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence?

      正:Have you asked her for the reason that/which may explain her absence?

      譯:你是否向他問(wèn)過(guò)可以解釋他缺席的原因?

      析:應(yīng)改why為that或which,因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ),而不是少原因狀語(yǔ)。

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      2.誤:I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late.

      正:I don’t believe the reason that/which he has given for his being late.

      譯:我不相信他所提供的他遲到的原因。

      析:應(yīng)改why為that或which,因?yàn)閺木渲^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞has given后缺少賓語(yǔ),而不是少原因狀語(yǔ) 。

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      七、誤將強(qiáng)調(diào)句型當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句。如:

      1.誤:It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out.

      正:It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out.

      譯:大火發(fā)生在廚房。

      析:應(yīng)將where改that,因?yàn)樵溥原為T(mén)he fire broke out in the kitchen后,在語(yǔ)法和句意上均成立,故此題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,而非定語(yǔ)從句。

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      2.誤:Was it because it snowed last night when you didn’t come?

      正:Was it because it snowed last night that you didn’t come?

      譯:你是否因昨晚下雪而沒(méi)有來(lái)?

      析:應(yīng)將when改為that,因?yàn),原句還原為Because it snowed last night, you didn’t come后,在語(yǔ)法和句意上均成立,故此題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型而非定語(yǔ)從句。

    (小周)