數(shù)詞
1. dozen , score
2. in the (early/ late)nineties / in the 1990s/ in the 90’s 在九十年代
in one’s (early/ late)nineties 在某人九十多歲
3. 分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法:
1/2 a half/ one half 1/4 a/ one quarter
3/4 three fourths / three quarters 3 1/4 three and on quarter
4. nine ----ninth / ninety
four---- fourth/ forty (第九四十有變化)
5. 小數(shù)的讀法
0.4 zero point four / point four 10.23 ten point two three
1.03 one point o three
1.03 meters/ 0.5 meter
6. 百分?jǐn)?shù)的讀法
50% fifty percent (percent 無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式)
7. 加減乘除法
① 加用 plus, and , add 等于用is , make, equal, 提問(wèn)用how much,
② 減用minus , take from
③ 乘用 time , multiply
④ 除用 divide 的過(guò)去分詞表示
注意: 加,乘的謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)皆可, 而減，除的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù).
Eg
Two and three is equal to five=Two and three make five.= Two added to three equals five.
Take 6 from ten and the remainder is four. = Six taken from ten is four.
Multiply three by four, we get twelve.= The multiplied by four makes 12.
Sixteen divided by four is / equals/ makes four.
主謂一致
1. 一些固定不變的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
如: crossroads(十字路口), barracks(兵營(yíng)) , headquarters(總部), means(方法,手段) , species(種類(lèi),品種), series(系列), works(工廠)等. 動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于限定詞或上下文內(nèi)容中作者要表達(dá)的意思.
2. 以s 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:
economics(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)), electronics(電子學(xué)), mathematics(數(shù)學(xué)), politics(政治學(xué)) 等
3. 有些表示成雙成對(duì)的詞,常用復(fù)數(shù)形式,且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).如:eyeglasses, pants(褲子), scissors(剪刀), shoes, shorts(短褲), socks(短襪), stockings(長(zhǎng)統(tǒng)襪), trousers,等.
4. 集合名詞: 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)用單數(shù),強(qiáng)調(diào)集體的成員時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù):如:army , audience(觀眾), board(委員會(huì)), committee(委員會(huì)), crew(全體隊(duì)員,船員,機(jī)組人員), crowd(人群), firm(公司), government(政府), group(組群), majority(多數(shù)人), minority(少數(shù)人), public(公眾), staff(全體工作人員), union(聯(lián)盟)等.
注意: the public 表示公共場(chǎng)所的人時(shí)謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以.
man(人類(lèi)), police(警察)只能做復(fù)數(shù)名詞使用,謂語(yǔ)只能用復(fù)數(shù).
5. 表示人名,地名,國(guó)家名等專有名詞或不可數(shù)名詞的謂語(yǔ)一律用單數(shù).
6. 注意一些名詞的特殊復(fù)數(shù)形式: phenomenon-phenomena(現(xiàn)象), goose-geese(鵝肉), mouse-mice(老鼠), 等
7. 不定代詞或every 加名詞做主語(yǔ): every, each, either, neither, one, no one, somebody, anybody, nobody, everyone, someone, anyone, everyone, something, anything, nothing, everything,等,在句中做主語(yǔ),或做限定詞限定一個(gè)名詞或加of時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù).
8. 限定詞加名詞做主語(yǔ): all, any, many, more, most, some的謂語(yǔ)取決于他們所修飾的名詞.
注意: many a / more than one 是固定搭配, 謂語(yǔ)也用單數(shù).
9. 含有of的短語(yǔ)和介詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)
① half of, all of, any of, a lot of, most of, --- percent of , some of, five sevenths of , the rest of 等短語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)取決于of后的名詞.
②a number of 與the number of
10. 就前原則
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)間由介詞with, together with, along with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than, not to mention, including , like, but, except等連接時(shí), 其謂語(yǔ)取決于此介詞前一個(gè)主語(yǔ).
11. 就近原則
not only---but also , either,--- or, neither---nor, or 等連接多個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)取決于離謂語(yǔ)最近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ).
12. 比較: The singer and the dancer are going to attend our party.
The singer and dancer is going to attend our party.
13. 固定詞組: a knife and fork, a cup and saucer(帶茶托的茶杯), ice-cream and cake (冰淇淋蛋糕), iron and steel, 不管作復(fù)合名詞還是形容詞, 謂語(yǔ)都用單數(shù).
14. 凡是計(jì)量時(shí)間,距離,金錢(qián),體積,尺寸等的度量衡作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 位于都用單數(shù), 常見(jiàn)的有:
years, dollars, dozens, miles, length, width等.
15. 數(shù)學(xué)上的加減乘除的規(guī)律是: 加,乘的謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)皆可, 而減，除的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù).
16. 分類(lèi)詞做主語(yǔ)是: form, kind, part, piece, portion, quantity, section, sort, type 等加of形成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)取決于這些詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù).
The newest types of computer are on show.
17. 動(dòng)名詞和不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)一律用單數(shù).
18. 從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 主句的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),擔(dān)當(dāng)what, all(that),或such引導(dǎo)的句子作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)要取決于后面的表語(yǔ).
What they want are some books.
All that the ask for is money.
19. 定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí), 從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致.
She is the only/very one of the students who has passed the examination.
She is one of--- who have ---