SEFC Book 1A
Unit 2 In the lab
【目的與要求】
通過對(duì)課文"Look carefully and learn" 的學(xué)習(xí)，掌握英語中表示命令的請(qǐng)求的句式。
【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)】
1. 日常交際用語：
Here are some dos and don'ts.
Follow…instructions.
What sure that…
Do what he or she tells you to do.
2. 祈使名在直接引語和間接引語中的變化
【重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)分析】
Lesson 5 Dialogue
1. show的用法
①to offer for seeing (拿給人看) Show sth (to sb)或 show sb.sth.
He showed his ticket at the door. 在門口的時(shí)候他拿出了他的票。
The doctor said,"Can you show me your tongue? 醫(yī)生說："能讓我看一下你的舌頭嗎？"
② to go with and guide or direct. (引導(dǎo)、帶領(lǐng))
May I show you to your seat? 可以讓我?guī)愕侥愕淖粏幔?/p>
Show the gentleman in. 把那位先生領(lǐng)進(jìn)來。
③ make known or clear. 表明，說明。
The results show that you are right. 結(jié)果證明你是對(duì)的。
The introduction shows you how to use this machine. 介紹教給你怎樣使用這臺(tái)機(jī)器。
2. Have been 和have gone
①Have you been in this lab before?
②My father has goon to Shanghai on business.
③- " Where is Lily? "
--" She has gone to the library."
--" Do you know where it is? "
--Sure, I have been there many times. I will show you the way.
--Thank you.
注：have been to/in 強(qiáng)調(diào)過去式或去過多少次，著重指到目前的一個(gè)結(jié)果。
Have gone to 講的是現(xiàn)在的情況，著重指現(xiàn)在人不在，只用于第三人稱。
3、Before和ago
①I have never seen such a good film before. 我以前從未看過這么好的電影。
②He finished this job not long before. 他不久前剛完成這項(xiàng)工作。
③注：before可以單獨(dú)使用，表"以前"，也可以和ever, never, 或者示時(shí)間段連用，
如，ten years before,常與完成時(shí)連用。
We first met you two years ago 我們2年前第一次見到你
注：ago從不單獨(dú)使用，也不能與ever, never連用。但可與表示時(shí)間段的詞連用，表多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間前，所以必須用過去時(shí)。
4、Once的用法
①Once you are (in) here, listen to your teacher's instructions.
一旦你來到這兒，就要聽從老師的要求。
②Once you Understand my words, you will believe me.
一旦你聽懂了我的話，你就會(huì)相信。
注：上面兩個(gè)例名中once是連詞，主句的動(dòng)作是從句動(dòng)作的條件，表"一旦"
①Take this medicine once a day. 這藥一天吃一次。
②Try it once more. 再試一次。
③Take it away at once! 馬上把拿來！
5. Unless的用法
Unless = if not 如果不…就…
①He told me that he wouldn'tt go to the party unless was invited.
他說如果不被邀請(qǐng)他就不去參加那個(gè)晚會(huì)。
②Stay home unless I phone.
除非我打電話，否則一直呆在家里別出去。
6. Sure的用法
① I'm sure of his honesty.
sure that he is honest. 我相信他是誠實(shí)的。
注：be sure of + 名詞/that …
②He is sure to come. 他一定會(huì)來。
③make sure
I remember that there is a plane at 8:30 PM, but you'd better make sure.
我記得晚上8：30有一次航班，不過你最好去確定一下。
Please make sure how many professors will take part in this meeting.
請(qǐng)去確認(rèn)一下有多少教授會(huì)來參加這個(gè)會(huì)。
7. allow sb to do sth. 允許某人做某事。
①After finishing the homework, the boy is allowed to watch TV.
寫完作業(yè)以后，男孩被允許去看電視。
②Once the concert starts, nobody is allowed to enter the concert hall.
一旦音樂會(huì)開始了，沒人可以進(jìn)去。
③No smoking allowed.
禁止吸煙。
8. 這課書的一些動(dòng)賓搭配
Tidy the lab. 打掃實(shí)驗(yàn)室。
Turn on / off the lights / electricity. 打開/關(guān)上/電燈/電器
Shut the door / windows. 關(guān)門/窗
Lock the door. 鎖門
Lesson 6 Look carefully and learn
9. make的語法
make +賓語 +賓補(bǔ)
①M(fèi)arx made London the base for his revolutionary work.
馬克思把倫敦作為他革命工作的基地。
②Would you like to make yourself known to us?
你愿意做一下自我介紹嗎？
③You may take a horse to the water, but you can not make him drink.
④What you did made me sad.
你的所做所為使我很難過。
注：make后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式不帶to，但被動(dòng)語態(tài)須帶to。 如：
⑤He was made to be our leader.
10. Sound, smell, taste, feel, look, 表示人的感覺的連系動(dòng)詞
①The surface of the table feels rough.
桌面感覺很粗糙。
②This plan sounds good.
這個(gè)計(jì)劃聽起來還不氏。
③The dish tastes terrible
這道茶味道不太好。
④You look pale, you'd better go to see a doctor.
你面色蒼白，最好去看醫(yī)生。
⑤The neat smells bad.
肉變味了。
11．Instead和instead of
① I went to Guangzhou by air instead of by train.
我乘飛機(jī)去廣州，沒坐火車。
②Mary played the piano at the concert instead of playing the violin.
Mary didn't play the violin at the concert, instead , she played the piano.
音樂會(huì)上，Mary沒拉小提琴，而是彈鋼琴。
注：instead of 后面接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞 ing 形式，改寫成instead 句型時(shí)要注意②的變化。
12. return
①When does he return from school?
他什么時(shí)候放學(xué)回家？
②MiLu Deer returned to china.
麋鹿重逢中國。
③Please return the book to the library on time.
請(qǐng)按時(shí)把書還給圖書館。
注：return有back的意思，所以不能用return back。另外還用pay back (the money)to sb. 而不用return to。
13. None和no one
①None of us know(s) you. 我們沒人認(rèn)識(shí)你。
No one knows you. 沒人認(rèn)識(shí)你。
②None of these dictionaries belongs to me?
沒有一本字典是我的。
注：None通常與of邊用，表二個(gè)以上全部否定。即可以指"沒有一個(gè)人"，也可以指"沒有一個(gè)物"，但no one只指人，不指物，也不能與of邊，謂語動(dòng)詞可單可復(fù)。
14. Enough
①The students didn't look carefully enough.
學(xué)生們看得不夠仔細(xì)。
②He is old enough to dress himself.
他能自己空衣服了。
③We don't have enough money to buy it.
我們沒有足夠的錢去買它。
④There isn't enough room to hold so many people.
這沒有足夠的地方容納這么多人。
注：enough修飾名詞時(shí)放在前 enough+n. 修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)放在后adj/adv+enough.
15. On holiday 度假
① The old couples are on holiday in London.
老夫雪在倫敦度假。
16. While 并列邊詞，表句意轉(zhuǎn)折
① Mother is watching TV, while father is reading the newspapers.
媽媽在看電視，爸爸在讀報(bào)紙。
② You like sports, while I like music.
你喜歡體育，我喜歡音樂。
17. 直接引語和間接引語
本單元的語法重點(diǎn)是直接引語和間接引語，本單元的checkpoint中例舉了四對(duì)例句，表明轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句時(shí)的變化，現(xiàn)作歸納講解。
① 如果直接引語是表示請(qǐng)求的口氣，則間接引語用 ask sb.to do sth.
如果直接引語是表示命令的口氣，則間接引語用 tell / order sb.to do sth.
② 否定式是not to do sth.
③ 注意人稱，時(shí)態(tài)做相應(yīng)變化。
例： "Do not eat cold food " , the doctor said.
→the doctor told the patient not to eat cold food.
D "Do some shopping for me , please." ,he said to her.
→He asked her to do some shopping for him.
Y "You must do everything as I do" ,the professor said.
→The professor ordered his students to do everything as he did.
【典型例題】
1.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him __. (95年高考)
A.not to B. Not to do C.not to it D.do not to
2.You will be late ______ you leave immediately. (96年高考)
A.unless B.until C.if D.or
3.I can hardly hear the radio, Would you please ___________ .
A.turn it on B.turn it down C.turn it up D.turn it off
4.When he was sixty years old, he __________ his hometown.
A.returned B.returned back C.returned to D.went back
5.Mr Green is ill, so today Miss Zhou teaching his class_____________ .
A.instead B.instead of C.insead him D.to take place
6.His explanation ______________ strange, but in fact it is reasonable.
A.sounds. B.sounded C.is sounded D.sound
7._________ How much water is left- ?
A.No one. B.None. C.Nothing D.Nobody.
8.That is ___________ me.
A. enough good to. B.enough good for. C.good enough for. D.good enoough to.
9．What about for a drink?
A.going out. B.go out. C.went out. D.you go out.
10. You can see a post office the other side of the street.
A.by. B.at. C.in. D.on.
請(qǐng)將下列句子進(jìn)行直接引語和間接引語的互換。
1.He said to her, "Go away! "
2.Mother said to me, Come back before 10:00.
3.She asked us to sit down.
4.He told the boys not to make so much noise.
5.She told us not to touch anything.
【答案】
1-5. A.A.C.C.A. 6-10. A.B.C.A.D.
1.He ordered her to go away.
2.Mother told me to come back before 10:00.
3.She said to as ,"please sit down."
4.He said , "Don't make so much noise ,boys."
5.She said, "Don't tough anything."
分析：1.本題考查祈使句轉(zhuǎn)為間接引語的用法，完整的句子應(yīng)為 "His mother told him not to ride in the street." 為了避免重復(fù)，省略了ride in the street.
2.本題考查詞義辨析。unless為"除非，"unit (為 …才，常用來表延續(xù)動(dòng)作)
或狀態(tài)直到某時(shí)刻結(jié)束，如選①應(yīng)為L(zhǎng)eave immediately, or you will be late.
3.turn on 為"打開"，turn off為"關(guān)閉"， turn up為"把…調(diào)高.
turn down"把…調(diào)低"
4.return是不及物動(dòng)詞,返回某地要用return to.
5.instead of是介詞短語，表示"代替了…"實(shí)際上是"舍"。Instead是副詞，表示"取" 本句意思為：格林先生病了，于是周小姐替他上課。
6.none表示三者以上的否定，兩者的否定用neither,�；卮鹨訦ow many或How much
7.開頭的疑問句，既可表示人也可表示物。
no one一般指人，回答以who開頭的疑問句。
8.enough后常接for或不定式，表示結(jié)果，此句為"對(duì)我來說夠好了。"另外還有：You
are kind enough to help us.肯幫助我們，你真好。
9.what about? …怎么樣？ 因?yàn)閍bout是介詞，所以后面要跟動(dòng)名詞或句詞。
10.on the side of 指兩邊或這邊與那邊相對(duì)，by the side of 表示在…旁邊，
at the side of 意為在…的邊上。